New Delhi: Over 1.3 million lives are lost every year to various types of cancers caused by smoking tobacco across seven countries, including India, according to a study published in The Lancet’s clinical medicine journal. Researchers found that together, the seven countries – India, China, the UK, Brazil, Russia, the US and South Africa represented more than half of the global burden of cancer deaths every year.
They noted that smoking, as well as three other preventable risk factors – alcohol, obesity, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections — caused almost two million deaths combined, according to a PTI report.
The study, carried out by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) and Kings College London, UK, also analysed the years of life lost to cancer.
The researchers concluded that the four preventable risk factors resulted in over 30 million years of life lost each year. Smoking tobacco had by far the biggest impact – leading to 20.8 million years of life being lost.
“Seeing how many years of life are lost to cancer due to these risk factors in countries around the world allows us to see what certain countries are doing well, and what isn’t working,” said Judith Offman, Senior Lecturer at Queen Mary University of London.
“Globally, someone dies every two minutes from cervical cancer. (Around) 90 per cent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries and could be cut drastically with comprehensive screening and HPV vaccination programmes,” said Offman, who worked on the study while at King’s College London.
The researchers made the findings by collecting population-attributable fractions of the four risk factors from previous global studies and applied these to estimates of cancer deaths during 2020. Preventable risk factors were associated with different cancer types in different places, they said.
In India…..
- There were more premature deaths from head and neck cancer in men and gynaecological cancer in women
- Cervical screening is less comprehensive in India, which would explain why there are more premature deaths from gynaecological cancers due to HPV infection.
- The higher number of years of life lost to head and neck cancer in men in India could be explained by smoking habits being different to those in the UK, with the general population smoking different tobacco products, according to the researchers.
- Rates of years of life lost to tobacco smoking and alcohol were up to nine times higher in men than women.
- HPV led to particularly high rates of years of life lost with a large gender imbalance.
- Rates were 11 times higher in women, which highlights the urgent need for improved access to cervical screening and the HPV vaccination.
“We know that HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer. This, coupled with cervical screening, could eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. Countries need to come together on this ambition,” Offman added.
