By Satyam Kumar
Tehri (Uttarakhand): One of the targets of Namami Gange Programme, launched by the Union Government in 2014 to rejuvenate the holy Ganga, is to steer the river clear of chemical fertilisers by promoting organic farming along its banks.
Launched in 2020 with 90% Central funds worth Rs 400 crore, the project is implemented by Uttarakhand’s agriculture department with an aim to bring 50,000 hectares of village land under organic farming by adopting a cluster approach. Apart from providing training to farmers, funds are utilised to purchase agricultural machinery and quality seeds.
Like Namami Gange, there are other Central schemes to promote organic farming, like the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, which is also based on a cluster model.
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana-Jaivik, which helps reduce the risk in farming, promotes high-quality organic produce, makes provisions for crop storage and market arrangements, and prepares plans according to local needs.
About 70% of the state’s population is dependent on agriculture. Generally, farmers in hilly areas do not prefer chemical fertilisers as that would mean spending more on irrigation. Rain-fed crops are the mainstay in the state, where 54% of the total agricultural area is in hilly terrains. As for irrigation, hilly areas form only 13% of the total irrigated land in the state.
If this is the case, why should there be so many schemes to promote organic farming instead of ways to market quality products at a decent price to the outside world? This is exactly the point that farmers have been making for a long time.
Fair Price, Easy Market Access
A buyer-seller conference was organised last December at Gopeshwar in Chamoli district, where buyers from Delhi, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh participated along with local people. Chamoli district has put up a good show with 128 clusters involving 9,427 farmers practising organic farming on 5,000 hectares of land in villages along the banks of the river and its tributaries under the Namami Gange plan.
At the conference, farmers were vocal about their needs.
“The state government is implementing many projects to promote organic farming, but our biggest worry is how to sell the produce. There is no government mandi (market) near our village. The nearest one is Niranjanpur market in Dehradun, located 50 km away,” Bhagchand Ramola from Manjh Gaon in Tehri district told 101Reporters.
Notably, most of his lot are marginal farmers who produce only a little more than what is needed to sustain themselves. If they spend so much money trying to sell their produce at distant places, they would end up with losses as they have to bear travel expenses too.
Opening separate mandis for organic produce close to their respective locations could help farmers a lot. Several farmers pointed out that both organic and non-organic products are sold in the same market, which affected farmers’ capacity to bargain for a better price.
In organic farming, work is more and production less. Weed killers and chemical fertilisers are used in non-organic farms. However, weeds are removed manually in organic farms and no chemical fertiliser is used to increase output. If an exclusive mandi for organic produce is functional, the farmers could attract the right buyers and get a better price.
Uttarakhand has 23 functional market committees.
“Vegetables coming from the mandis of Kotdwar and Najibabad are available in our markets at very cheap prices, due to which we have to sell our organic vegetables at low rates. There is no profit in this. Most of the farmers now avoid farming and try to go to Dehradun, Delhi or any big city to get a job,” said Ashu Rawat, a young farmer from Dharki Bina village in Pauri Garhwal district.
Rawat, the chairman of a farmers’ cooperative society in the area, said the mandi nearest to his village was located in Kotdwar, over 150 km away.
“It is not possible for a marginal farmer to sell his crop by taking them there… Last year, I got only Rs 30,000 for tomatoes worth over Rs 2 lakh.”
Noting that only big farmers get the benefit of government schemes, Rawat said marginal farmers could do far better if a government purchase centre was set up near the village. Lata Devi of Dharki Bina added that she could not cover input costs as her crops could only be priced the same as the regular produce coming from Najibabad.
Ramola said farmers had raised the need to open local mandis for organic produce with agriculture officials many times, but no solution had been found.
“Right now, we pin our hopes on the Sunday morning market for organic vegetables and hill produce near Survey Chowk in Dehradun, where our produce gets Rs 10 to 20 more than the non-organic vegetables. Though the same produce can earn us double the price in Delhi, taking them to faraway places is not a cost-effective choice,” he added.
Despite repeated attempts via phone call and email, the state agriculture department could not be reached to comment on why mandis were not built near villages and why there was no proper price mechanism.
Meanwhile, agriculture expert Dr Rajendra Kuksal said that the schemes in Uttarakhand seemed quite different on paper and on the ground.
“In 2003 itself, the government started promoting organic crops. But the fact that farmers have not found a proper market for their products even now suggests that the government should now make arrangements to buy the produce directly from them.”
(Satyam Kumar is an Uttarakhand-based journalist and a member of 101Reporters, a pan-India network of grassroots reporters)
